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Home/Glass Curtain Walls
Commercial Facade Systems

Glass Curtain
Wall Systems

Curtain wall installation, repair, and replacement for commercial buildings. Stick-built, unitized, and structural silicone systems across Washington DC, Northern Virginia, and Maryland.

From a Rosslyn high-rise curtain wall replacement to a Bethesda office building leak repair, we deliver facade solutions engineered for performance, durability, and energy code compliance. Kawneer, YKK AP, Oldcastle, and all major systems.

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Technical Overview

Curtain Wall Systems Explained

A curtain wall is a non-structural exterior cladding system that hangs from the building structure. It carries no floor or roof load -- only its own dead weight and lateral wind loads, which are transferred to the primary structure through anchor brackets at each floor slab. Understanding the key components helps building owners make informed decisions about specification, maintenance, and repair.

Aluminum MullionTransomIGU Glass PanelPressure PlateEPDM GasketAnchor BracketConcrete Floor SlabStructural SiliconeStick-Built Curtain Wall System -- Exploded View

Aluminum Framing

Vertical mullions and horizontal transoms form the structural grid of the curtain wall. Extruded aluminum profiles are precision-machined with gasket grooves, screw bosses, and thermal break pockets. The framing carries wind loads and glass weight back to the building structure through steel anchor brackets at each floor.

Insulated Glass Units

Vision glass panels are fabricated as insulated glass units (IGUs) with two or three glass lites separated by hermetically sealed air or gas-filled cavities. Low-E coatings on the glass surfaces control solar heat gain and reduce radiant heat loss. Spandrel panels at floor lines conceal structure and insulation.

Seals & Gaskets

EPDM rubber gaskets and structural silicone sealant create the weather barrier between glass and frame. Pressure plates on the exterior compress gaskets for a watertight seal. A pressure-equalized rain screen principle allows controlled drainage of any infiltrated water through weep holes at each horizontal transom.

System Comparison

Unitized vs Stick-Built

The two primary curtain wall construction methods each serve different building types, budgets, and schedules. Understanding the trade-offs helps owners, architects, and general contractors select the right system for their project.

Stick-Built SystemUnitized SystemPiece-by-piece on siteScaffolding requiredBest for 1-10 storiesFactory pre-assembled panelsCrane-hoisted into placeBest for 10+ stories

Stick-Built Advantages

  • Lower material and fabrication cost for buildings under 10 stories
  • Greater design flexibility for irregular facades, curves, and custom geometries
  • Easier to modify in the field during construction
  • Individual components are replaceable without disturbing adjacent panels
  • Smaller mobilization -- no need for tower cranes dedicated to curtain wall
  • Ideal for renovation and retrofit projects with limited staging area

Unitized Advantages

  • Factory quality control ensures consistent gasket compression and sealant application
  • 50-70% faster on-site installation compared to stick-built
  • Dramatically reduced scaffolding and swing stage time
  • Better weather sealing from factory-applied gaskets and sealant
  • On-site labor requirements are significantly reduced
  • Preferred for high-rise buildings where speed and weather exposure are critical

Energy Engineering

Thermal Performance

Curtain wall thermal performance is determined by the interaction of thermally broken frames, high-performance insulated glass units, Low-E coatings, gas fills, and warm-edge spacers. Proper specification is essential for meeting ASHRAE 90.1, IECC, and DC BEPS energy code requirements in the Washington DC climate zone.

Curtain Wall Thermal Performance -- Cross SectionEXTERIOR (Hot/Cold)INTERIORSolarRadiationOuter Glass LiteLow-E CoatingReflects infrared heatArgon Gas FillLow conductivity insulatorWarm-Edge SpacerReduces edge condensationTHERMAL BREAKPolyamide strip interruptsaluminum heat transferAluminum FrameSplit by thermal breakPerformance ResultU-Value: 0.25 - 0.35 BTU/hr-ft2-FSHGC: 0.20 - 0.40CRF: 50 - 72Thermally Broken IGU Assembly

Thermal Break

Polyamide or polyurethane strips inserted into the aluminum frame interrupt the conductive heat path, reducing frame U-values by 40-60% and eliminating interior condensation at the frame.

Low-E Coatings

Microscopically thin metallic oxide coatings on glass surfaces reflect infrared radiation while transmitting visible light. Low-E coatings reduce solar heat gain in summer and radiant heat loss in winter.

Argon Gas Fill

The sealed cavity between glass lites is filled with argon gas, which has 34% lower thermal conductivity than air. Argon fill reduces the center-of-glass U-value and improves overall IGU performance.

Warm-Edge Spacers

Stainless steel or composite spacer bars at the glass perimeter reduce conductive heat transfer at the IGU edge, raising edge-of-glass temperatures and preventing condensation along the sightline.

System Types

Curtain Wall Systems

Stick-Built Curtain Wall

The most common curtain wall system for low to mid-rise buildings. Individual aluminum mullions (vertical members) and transoms (horizontal members) are.

  • Field-assembled from individual components
  • Cost-effective for buildings under 10 stories
  • Maximum design flexibility and customization
  • Repairs and glass replacement are straightforward
  • Compatible with all major framing systems

Unitized Curtain Wall

Pre-assembled curtain wall panels fabricated in a controlled factory environment and shipped to the site as complete units.

  • Factory-assembled quality control
  • Rapid on-site installation by crane
  • Ideal for high-rise buildings over 10 stories
  • Weather-tight interlocking panel joints
  • Reduced scaffolding and swing stage time

Structural Silicone Glazed

Glass panels bonded directly to the aluminum frame using structural silicone sealant rather than mechanical pressure plates.

  • Flush exterior glass surface
  • No visible exterior mullion caps
  • Sleek, modern all-glass appearance
  • Two-sided or four-sided glazing options
  • Structural silicone meets ASTM C1184

Point-Supported Glass

Glass panels attached to the structural support system through point fixings (spider fittings, countersunk bolts, or patch plates) rather than continuous.

  • Minimal visual framework
  • Spider fitting or patch plate connections
  • Cable, rod, or fin structural support
  • Maximum transparency and light
  • Dramatic architectural impact

Engineering

Performance Specifications

Thermal Performance

U-Value (Whole System)0.25 - 0.45 BTU/hr-ft2-F
Solar Heat Gain (SHGC)0.20 - 0.40
Visible Light Transmittance40% - 70%
Condensation Resistance (CRF)50 - 72

Thermally broken aluminum frames with insulated glass units, low-E coatings, and argon gas fill achieve exceptional energy performance.

Acoustic Performance

STC Rating (Standard)32 - 38
STC Rating (Enhanced)40 - 50
OITC Rating25 - 35

Acoustic curtain wall configurations use laminated glass with acoustic interlayers, asymmetric IGU assemblies, and enhanced gasket systems to reduce.

Structural Performance

Wind Load (Design Pressure)Up to 100+ psf
Seismic Drift AccommodationUp to 1.5 inch
Air Infiltration (ASTM E283)< 0.06 cfm/ft2
Water Penetration (ASTM E331)No penetration at 6.24 psf

Curtain wall systems are engineered for the specific wind loads, seismic conditions, and building movement of your project location.

Manufacturers

Curtain Wall Brands We Work With

Kawneer (Arconic)

Industry leader in aluminum curtain wall, storefront, and entrance systems. The 1600 Wall System is one of the most widely specified stick-built curtain wall...

YKK AP

Global manufacturer of architectural products including the YCW 750 and YUW 750 curtain wall systems.

Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope

One of the largest architectural glass and curtain wall fabricators in North America.

Wausau Window & Wall

Specialist manufacturer of custom curtain wall, window wall, and window systems. Wausau is known for SuperWall and INvision unitized curtain wall systems tha...

EFCO Corporation

Manufacturer of aluminum curtain wall, storefront, and window systems. EFCO curtain wall products are specified on K-12 schools, universities, healthcare,

Tubelite

Manufacturer of architectural aluminum storefront, curtain wall, and entrance systems.

What We Do

Curtain Wall Services

New Installation

Complete curtain wall installation for new construction and major renovation projects. We work with architects, general contractors, and building owners from design assist through final punch list. Our crews install stick-built and unitized systems up to 40 stories.

Glass Replacement

Replacement of broken, failed, or damaged glass panels in existing curtain walls. We source exact replacement insulated glass units, laminated panels, and spandrel glass from original manufacturers or matched equivalents. Replacement maintains system warranty and performance.

Leak Repair & Water Testing

Diagnosis and repair of curtain wall water infiltration using AAMA 501.2 field water testing procedures. We repair gaskets, sealant joints, weep systems, and drainage paths. Systematic testing identifies leak sources before costly interior damage occurs.

Sealant & Gasket Replacement

Comprehensive re-sealing of curtain wall perimeter joints, vision glass gaskets, and spandrel panel seals. Aged sealant and degraded gaskets are removed and replaced with compatible materials per manufacturer specifications.

Thermal Upgrade

Retrofit existing curtain walls with higher-performance insulated glass units, low-E coatings, and improved gasket systems to reduce energy consumption. Thermal upgrades improve occupant comfort, reduce HVAC loads, and support LEED and Energy Star certification.

Inspection & Maintenance

Periodic facade inspection programs per FISP/Local Law 11 requirements and proactive maintenance to extend curtain wall service life. We document conditions, prioritize repairs, and develop long-term capital planning budgets for building owners and property managers.

Our Advantage

Why DMV Building Owners Choose Us

Multi-System Expertise

We install and maintain curtain walls from every major manufacturer. Whether your building has Kawneer, YKK AP, Oldcastle, or another system, our crews are trained on the specific installation procedures, gasket profiles, and sealant requirements for each brand.

AAMA-Certified Water Testing

We perform AAMA 501.2 field water testing to diagnose curtain wall leaks with precision. Rather than guessing at leak sources, systematic water testing identifies the exact failure point so repairs are targeted, effective, and cost-efficient.

Energy Code Compliance

Our curtain wall specifications meet ASHRAE 90.1, IECC, and DC Green Building Code energy performance requirements. We help building owners achieve LEED, Energy Star, and DC BEPS compliance through high-performance glazing selections and thermal break detailing.

Occupied Building Experience

Many of our curtain wall projects are in occupied office buildings. We coordinate with property managers and tenants to schedule work during off-hours, protect interior finishes, and maintain building security throughout the project.

GSA & Government Projects

We have experience with federal government buildings and GSA specifications. Curtain wall work on government facilities requires security clearances, specific material certifications, and compliance with blast-resistant and forced-entry standards that we are equipped to meet.

Long-Term Maintenance Programs

Beyond installation and repair, we develop proactive facade maintenance programs that extend curtain wall service life by decades. Annual inspections, planned gasket and sealant replacement, and capital planning budgets help property managers avoid costly emergency repairs.

How We Work

Our Curtain Wall Process

01

Assessment & Design Assist

We evaluate the building structure, load requirements, energy code targets, and aesthetic goals. For new construction,

02

Engineering & Shop Drawings

Structural engineering calculations, thermal modeling, and detailed shop drawings are developed for review and approval. Shop drawings show every mullion,

03

Fabrication & Procurement

Aluminum framing is extruded, machined, and finished. Glass panels are fabricated as insulated glass units with specified coatings and interlayers. All components are quality-inspected before shipping. Lead time is typically 8-14 weeks.

04

Installation & Commissioning

Our crews install the curtain wall system, performing water testing at each phase per AAMA 501.2. Final commissioning includes full system water and air infiltration testing, thermal imaging, and a detailed punch list review.

Common Questions

Curtain Wall FAQ

What is a glass curtain wall?
A glass curtain wall is a non-structural exterior wall system that hangs from the building structure like a curtain. It carries no floor or roof load, only its own dead weight and wind loads, which it transfers to the primary building structure at each floor. Curtain walls consist of aluminum framing and glass infill panels that form the building envelope.
What is the difference between stick-built and unitized curtain walls?
Stick-built curtain walls are assembled piece-by-piece on the building from individual mullions, transoms, and glass panels. Unitized curtain walls are pre-assembled in a factory as large panels hoisted into place by crane. Unitized systems are faster to install on tall buildings but cost more upfront due to factory fabrication and specialized crane rigging.
How energy-efficient are modern curtain walls?
Modern curtain walls achieve high energy performance through thermally broken aluminum frames, insulated glass units with low-E coatings, argon gas fill, and warm-edge spacers. Well-specified systems achieve U-values of 0.25 to 0.35, meeting ASHRAE 90.1 and IECC energy code requirements for the DMV climate zone.
Can you repair a leaking curtain wall?
Yes. Curtain wall leaks are one of the most common facade issues. We diagnose leaks through visual inspection and AAMA 501.2 water testing, then repair gaskets, sealant joints, weep systems, and pressure equalization chambers. We also replace failed insulated glass units that show interior fogging.
What curtain wall brands do you work with?
We install, repair, and maintain systems from Kawneer (Arconic), YKK AP, Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope, Wausau Window and Wall Systems, EFCO, Tubelite, and other leading manufacturers. We source replacement parts and glass from original manufacturers to maintain warranties.
How long does curtain wall installation take?
Installation duration depends on building size and system type. A typical 5-story stick-built curtain wall takes 6-10 weeks to install. A 20-story unitized system may take 10-16 weeks. We develop detailed installation schedules that coordinate with the overall construction timeline and weather conditions.
What is structural silicone glazing?
Structural silicone glazing bonds glass panels directly to the aluminum frame using high-strength structural silicone sealant instead of mechanical pressure plates. This creates a flush exterior surface with no visible aluminum caps, giving the building a sleek all-glass appearance. The silicone bond is engineered to transfer wind loads from the glass to the supporting frame per ASTM C1184.
Do curtain walls meet DC energy codes?
Yes. We specify curtain wall systems that meet or exceed Washington DC Green Building Code, ASHRAE 90.1, IECC, and DC BEPS requirements. High-performance thermally broken frames, Low-E insulated glass units, and proper thermal detailing ensure compliance with the energy performance mandates in the DMV region.
What is a curtain wall thermal break?
A thermal break is a low-conductivity material, typically polyamide or polyurethane, inserted into the aluminum frame to interrupt the path of heat transfer. Without a thermal break, the highly conductive aluminum frame acts as a bridge for heat and cold, causing energy loss and interior condensation. Thermally broken frames reduce U-values by 40 to 60 percent compared to non-broken frames.
How often should curtain walls be inspected?
We recommend annual visual inspections and comprehensive facade inspections every 5 years. Washington DC requires periodic facade inspections under FISP for buildings over a certain height. Proactive inspection catches gasket deterioration, sealant failure, weep blockages, and glass seal failures before they cause water damage or safety hazards.
Can curtain walls be retrofitted for better energy performance?
Yes. We retrofit existing curtain walls by replacing single-pane or early-generation insulated glass units with high-performance Low-E IGUs, replacing degraded gaskets and sealants, and adding secondary glazing systems where appropriate. Thermal upgrades can reduce energy consumption by 20 to 40 percent and help meet DC BEPS benchmarking requirements.

Service Areas

Curtain Wall Services Across the DMV

Northern Virginia

Arlington, Tysons Corner, Reston, McLean, Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Vienna, Herndon, Ashburn, Leesburg, Sterling, Springfield, Woodbridge

The Rosslyn-Ballston corridor, Tysons skyline, and Reston Town Center feature dozens of curtain wall high-rises that require ongoing glass replacement, leak repair, and sealant maintenance. We serve commercial building owners and property managers throughout Northern Virginia.

Maryland

Bethesda, Silver Spring, Rockville, Columbia, Chevy Chase, Gaithersburg, College Park, Bowie, Laurel, Olney, Germantown, Frederick, National Harbor

Maryland commercial corridors along I-270, White Flint, and downtown Bethesda have extensive curtain wall building stock. We provide installation, repair, and maintenance services for office buildings, biotech facilities, and mixed-use developments across the state.

Washington DC

K Street, Georgetown, Dupont Circle, Capitol Hill, Penn Quarter, Navy Yard, The Wharf, NoMa, Foggy Bottom, Downtown, Southwest, Capitol Riverfront

Washington DC commercial buildings along K Street, the Golden Triangle, and emerging districts like The Wharf and NoMa require curtain wall services that meet GSA standards and historic district requirements. We work with DC property managers on facade maintenance programs.

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Get Your Free Curtain Wall Estimate

Call us today or request a free estimate. Whether you need a new curtain wall installation, leak repair, glass replacement, or thermal upgrade, our team delivers engineered facade solutions for every commercial building type across the DMV.

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